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Sloe gin and sloe vodka

Chap came back from a Sunday trundle in his Land Rover up on to Salisbury Plain with a bag full of sloes. We make sloe gin and sloe vodka most years. We also make damson gin and vodka, and greengage gin and vodka when we can get hold of those rare little green beauties. Sloe gin is a wonderfully warming winter liqueur, and it also makes a great base for a kir royale-type drink, made with cava (or champagne if your pockets are a bit deeper).

2011 and 2013 sloe gin batches. The colour deepens as the liqueur ages.

2011 (left) and 2013 (right) sloe gin batches. The colour deepens as the liqueur ages.

There are various schools of thought about when is the best time to pick sloes. Some say they should only be picked after the first frost; others bypass this by sticking them in the freezer overnight; others (like us) don’t bother and pick them when they are ripe, frost or no frost, and no freezer malarkey. I can honestly say I cannot tell the difference between any of these methods in the resulting drink they produce, but maybe I’m just a lush with a very unsophisticated palate.

Sloes (Prunus spinisa).

Sloes (Prunus spinosa), photographed 17 August 2014.

The sloes seem to be getting riper earlier with each passing year: in 2011 we picked them on 3 October: this year it was on 31 August.

Last year's batch waiting to be strained and bottled up. Left to right: sloe vodka, sloe gin, damson vodka, damson gin.

Last year’s batch waiting to be strained and bottled up. Left to right: sloe vodka, sloe gin, damson vodka, damson gin.

And as for the recipe itself, it couldn’t be any easier.

Sloe gin (or vodka)

(Can be made with any soft or stone fruit, really—damsons, greengages, mulberries, blackberries, raspberries, strawberries …)

Wash the sloes and drain dry. Pick out any leaves or stems. Prick each sloe (I do this with a fork, holding two sloes at a time). This allows the juices to get into the gin (or vodka) more easily. Fill a 1 litre bottle to halfway up with the sloes (you’ll need a wide-mouthed bottle if you are using damsons or greengages). Add 2 tablespoons of caster sugar. Top up with gin (or vodka).

Leave in a dark place for at least 6 months, gently agitating the bottle every few weeks (if you remember—I sometimes forget and it doesn’t seem to matter much). Strain off the sloes through a muslin-lined colander. It’s best to leave the sloes sitting in the strainer for a few hours to allow the precious liqueur to slowly drip out. Bottle up the sloe gin (or vodka) into a clean, sterilised bottle.

Don’t throw the sloes away. They are too small and bitter to make into a pie filling (as we do with the damsons and greengages); instead, put them back into the bottle and top up with dry white wine and leave for a couple of weeks. We get several bottles of wines-worth from the sloes before they stop giving up their boozy, sloey flavour into the wine.

Sloes picked on Salisbury Plain, 1 September 2014.

Sloes picked on Salisbury Plain, 31 August 2014.

Sloes, 2 tablespoons caster sugar, and gin.

Sloes, caster sugar, and gin: sloe gin in the making, 1 September 2014. Now all it needs is time.

Sloe vodka made yesterday (3 September 2014) on the left, sloe gin made on 1 September on the right. I haven't shaken the vodka and you can see about 1cm of colour hovering above the sloes.

Sloe vodka made yesterday (3 September 2014) on the left, sloe gin made on 1 September on the right. I haven’t shaken the vodka and you can see about 1cm of colour hovering above the sloes.

Hey presto!

One shake later: hey presto! Need to buy a bit more vodka to top the bottle up, and then it’s into the back of the cupboard with them.

We normally bottle up the previous year’s sloe gin and vodka about the time we are making beech leaf noyau (another lovely liqueur that we make in early May), so they have about 8 months’ steeping; this year we forgot and so the sloes have been steeping 3 weeks short of a whole year. Some people reckon their sloe gin is ready by Christmas, but we’ve tried it then and the flavour hasn’t fully developed in four months. It’s definitely worth the wait!

Bárðarbunga: the fissure eruption continues

After a quiet Saturday with no eruptive activity, the fissure near Bárðarbunga sprang into life again early on Sunday (yesterday) morning. I awoke to glorious images online:

Eruption early morning 31 August 2014. Photo from the University of Iceland twitter feed.

Eruption at the fissure near Bárðarbunga, Iceland, early morning Sunday 31 August 2014. Photo from the University of Iceland twitter feed.

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Eruption at the fissure near Bárðarbunga, Iceland, early morning Sunday 31 August 2014. Photo from the University of Iceland twitter feed.

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Pahoehoe basalt lava from the eruption at the fissure near Bárðarbunga, Iceland, early morning Sunday 31 August 2014. Photo from the University of Iceland twitter feed.

The eruption continued throughout Sunday so it was possible to see the lava fountains live on the online webcams. Some of them were 70 m high.  Later on in the day more images from close to the scene came through:

Researchers from the University of Cambridge and the University of Iceland, 31 August 2014, at the fissure near Bárðarbunga, Iceland.

Researchers from the University of Cambridge and the University of Iceland, Sunday 31 August 2014, at the fissure eruption near Bárðarbunga, Iceland. I would love to be here (apart from the poisonous SO2 gases…) Photo from Thorbjorg Agustsdottir’s twitter.

although as a storm passed through for some of the day, no fly-overs were possible. As darkness fell yesterday evening, more stunning images were provided:

Screengrab from a Mila webcam of the fissure last evening, with the lava reflected on the underside of the clouds. Screengrab bu Oddition at Volcanocafe.

Stunning screengrab of the fissure eruption last evening, with the lava reflected on the underside of the clouds. From a Mila webcam, screengrab by Oddition at VolcanoCafé.

As I write (Monday 1 September afternoon) the eruption is continuing.

2 September update: Some stunning aerial photos taken by Einar Gudmann on Monday 1 September here, and magnificent aerial footage filmed by Skarphéðinn Snorrason:

A fissure eruption near Bárðarbunga in Iceland

After days of watching the subterranean dike gradually expanding north-eastwards from Bárðarbunga (a volcano under the Vatnajökull glacier in Iceland), today I woke to the news on the BBC (always my first port of call) that there had been an eruption there overnight. I headed straight over to my favourite volcano website, VolcanoCafé. I have been glued to it all day, and not getting too much work done. The eruption was along the line of a previous fissure eruption, part of the Holuhraun lavafield north of Dyngjujokull and south of the Askja caldera, which was formed in an effusive lava eruption in 1797. The eruption seems to have died down for now, but it seems almost certain there will be more to come. This stunning photo made my day:

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The eruption in the glorious early morning light in Iceland. The volcanic cones were formed during an eruption in 1797, and are now being added to by today’s eruption. Photo by Thorbjorg Agustsdottir.

It was taken this morning by Thorbjorg Agustsdottir (just before she went to bed as she had been up all night monitoring the eruption). She is a geophysicist at the University of Cambridge and is lucky enough to be currently working in the area. Her twitter feed has some great photos. I am so jealous of her!

Lava flowing from the fissure, 29 August 2014. Photo: Reuters.

Aerial shot of lava flowing from the fissure, 29 August 2014. Photo: Reuters.

It seems the skies above the fissure have been busy today. Here’s a great low-level set of photos of the fissure and the tongues of lava that erupted. Other aerial shots of the fissure, taken this morning by Omar Ragnarsson and Hjalta Stefansson, a very intrepid pilot and his passenger, are equally stunning: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxbIjFx6b4c

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A still from the first video, showing the fissure line. Taken by Omar Ragnarsson and Hjalta Stefansson.

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Another still from the first video, showing the fissure line. Taken by Omar Ragnarsson and Hjalta Stefansson.

I am very nostalgic because it reminds me of an area of the basalt desert in Jordan in which I worked in the 1980s, and in particular the Qiṭār el ‘Abd, a line of volcanic cones along a fissure:

Part of the Qitar el Abd, a fissure line of volcanic cones in eastern Jordan.

Part of the Qiṭār el ‘Abd, a fissure line of volcanic cones in eastern Jordan. Photo taken from the top of one of the peaks by me in 1989. The ranging rod is by a bedouin grave, with an upright headstone and footstone. The pecked design on the headstone is a wasm, a tribal mark.

The Qiṭār el ‘Abd runs NW-SE for about 100 km from just inside the Syrian border on the south-eastern side of Jebel al-Druze, the main volcano in the region, to the south-eastern edge of the basalt desert in the Jordanian panhandle. It looks on Google Earth like it forks at its southern end but I know nothing about it or the system that produced it, or its age. All I know is that it is a beautiful landscape feature. I absolutely adore basalt landscapes, and now I am feeling very happy-sad in my nostalgia. I had some of the best times ever in the basalt.

Sunday stroll: south-western Wiltshire

Chap and I did a short (c. 2 mile) circuit around our village yesterday lunchtime. We went through the village allotments, and saw a clouded yellow butterfly (Colias croceus) in the wildflower/conservation area there, the first we have seen this year, as well as a beautiful bright green beetle on some mint (the imaginatively named mint leaf beetle).

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Mint leaf beetle, Chrysolina herbacea.

We startled a small flock of starlings out of a dense thicket of blackberries in the conservation area. I assume they were feeding there as 1 pm seems a bit early to roost!

Out of the village there is the Ox Drove, an old drovers’ road that is a haven for butterflies and other insects. (It was here, many years ago, we saw our first and so-far only glow worm (Lampyris noctiluca) on a summer’s evening).

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The Ox Drove.

Here there were butterflies aplenty: we saw a brimstone, plenty of small whites, small tortoiseshells, speckled woods, peacocksred admirals and some rather tatty holly blues.

Speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria).

Speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria).

Holly blue butterfly

Holly blue butterfly (Celastrina argiolus).

We also saw a southern hawker dragonfly (Aeshna cyanea) to which I was able to get very close to photograph. I love their folk name of ‘Devil’s knitting needles’, even though there is nothing devilish about them (their larvae however are another matter when it comes to the stuff of nightmares …).

Southern hawker dragonfly (Aeshna cyanea).

Southern hawker dragonfly (Aeshna cyanea).

The berries and fruits are splendid this year. The elderberries are positively dripping off the trees, the haws are colouring up, wayfarers and guelder roses have their bright red berries, there are loads of blackberries and best of all a pretty good sloe crop—not the best there’s ever been, but enough to pick a load for sloe gin and sloe vodka without damaging the birds’ winter larder.

Elderberries (Sambucus nigra).

Elderberries (Sambucus nigra).

Haws ripening (Crataegus monogyna).

Haws ripening on a hawthorn bush (Crataegus monogyna).

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Wayfarer berries (Viburnum lantana).

Sloes (Prunus spinisa).

Sloes (Prunus spinosa).

We walked through lovely countryside of low rolling chalk downland. Our part of south-western Wiltshire is given mostly to arable farming, often in very large fields (often made out of several smaller ones by ripping out the ancient hedgerows, sadly). Most of the crops have been harvested, but nearer to home there were still a couple of fields of wheat, barley and flax waiting to be brought in.

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Chap doing his Maximus Decimus Meridius impression in a barley field.

Chap doing his Maximus Decimus Meridius impression in a barley field on the way home.

Jersey tiger moths

I have been in Devon for the past week, and during my visit I saw a moth I have never seen before. It was flying during the daytime, fluttering around some water mint (Mentha aquatica) that was in flower. Its flight was very flappy and fluttery and lollopy, almost as if someone was bouncing it around on a string from above. I knew it was a tiger moth of some sort because of the red flashes of the hind wing, similar to those on the scarlet tiger moths which frequent our garden. It was very bold and unafraid, flying very close to me.

I didn’t have my camera with me, curses, so once it settled on a mint flower and started feeding I made an effort to remember the beautiful patterning on its fore wings. Google was my friend, yet again, and told me it was a Jersey tiger mothEuplagia quadripunctaria.

Jersey tiger moth (Euplagia quadripunctaria) on Hemp agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum). Photo by Rosenzweig.

Jersey tiger moth (Euplagia quadripunctaria) on Hemp agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum). Photo by Rosenzweig.

What surprised me was that the range of this moth is ‘widely distributed in Europe from Estonia and Latvia in the north to the Mediterranean coast and islands in the south. It is also found in West Russia, South Urals, Asia Minor, Rhodes and nearby islands, the Near East, Caucasus, South Turkmenistan, and Iran.’  So what on earth was it doing in south Devon?  I read on.

Settled with its fore wings covering its hind wings. Photo by Hamon jp.

Settled with its fore wings covering its hind wings. Photo by Hamon jp.

Until fairly recently, this moth’s only presence in the UK was in the Channel Islands. This raised questions—as northern France is not listed in its range (‘Mediterranean coast’ could possibly include southern France), how did it get to the Channel Islands? Was it an introduction there, either deliberate or accidental?  It takes its English common name from the largest of the Channel Islands.

In Victorian times, apart from its presence in the Channel Islands, it was very rarely known in the UK, occurring mainly in one locality in Devon. Since then it has spread to Cornwall, Dorset and the Isle of Wight, with an outlier population in Kent. Another breeding population became established in London in 2004. The moths are gradually spreading northwards and eastwards from their West Country base. Fabulous!

It was very exciting to see a new and such a beautiful moth species. I wonder how long until they arrive in Wiltshire?

Update: They’re already here! On 12 August last year (2013) the second ever recorded Jersey tiger moth in Wiltshire was photographed at Trowbridge, which is north of us. So we might well see one sooner than I had hoped!

Jersey tiger moths on UK moths website.

Yay, Rosetta is in orbit!

Yay, Rosetta is in orbit!

Here is a stunning photo, taken today, of the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Surface of taken by Rosetta.

Surface of the comet taken by Rosetta on 6 August 2014.

And here is one taken three days ago, showing the whole comet:

The comet photographed on 3 August 2014 by Rosetta.

The comet photographed on 3 August 2014 by Rosetta.

Hearty congratulations to all the project scientists and technicians. This is a terrific achievement, and there is lots more fantastic science to come!

Rosetta and the comet: watch live!

Tomorrow the European Space Agency’s Rosetta robotic spacecraft will rendezvous with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, some ten and a half years after the space probe was launched. In that time it has travelled 404,523,421 km (251,359,200 miles). It will be, according to the ESA’s website, ‘the first mission in history to rendezvous with a comet, escort it as it orbits the Sun, and deploy a lander to its surface.’

The whole event is being livestreamed, from 8.00 am GMT (9.00 am British Summer Time), here, as Rosetta is deployed into orbit around the comet.  

I will certainly be watching this historic event. It has been so exciting watching as Rosetta approached the comet over the last month or so, from the first initial pixelated views that resolved themselves into the ‘rubber duck’. The scientists have to choose carefully where to place the lander on this slowly rotating chunk of space ice (water is a major volatile component of comets, along with carbon monoxide, methanol and ammonia.)

The comet pictured by Rosetta on 4 July 2014.

The comet pictured by Rosetta on 4 July 2014.

Rotating view of the comet captured by Rosetta on 14 July 2014.

Rotating view of the comet captured by Rosetta on 14 July 2014.

The comet imaged from Rosetta on 1 August 2014.

The comet imaged from a distance of 1,000 km by Rosetta on 1 August 2014.

Once Rosetta is safely in orbit, it will begin to map and characterise the comet. Using the information it provides, a landing site will be selected for the lander.

According to the ESA website, the timeline is:

Comet mapping and characterisation (August 2014)

Less than 200 kilometres from the nucleus, images from Rosetta show the comet’s spin-axis orientation, angular velocity, major landmarks and other basic characteristics.

Eventually, the spacecraft is inserted into orbit around the nucleus at a distance of about 25 kilometres. Their relative speed is now down to a few centimetres per second.

The orbiter starts to map the nucleus in great detail. Eventually, five potential landing sites are selected for close observation.

Landing on the comet (November 2014)

Rosetta’s Philae lander on comet.

Once a suitable landing site is chosen, the lander is released from a height of about one kilometre. Touchdown takes place at walking speed — less than one metre per second.

Once it is anchored to the nucleus, the lander sends back high-resolution pictures and other information on the nature of the comet’s ices and organic crust.

The data are relayed to the orbiter, which stores them for transmission back to Earth at the next the period of contact with a ground station.

Rosetta and the comet.

Rosetta and the comet.

So exciting. Can’t wait for tomorrow!

Raptors in and around our village

The night before last I was awake between 3 and 5 am (I know that much as I heard the village church clock strike 3, then 4, then 5 … Oh the joys of insomnia!) and just before 4 am a tawny owl (Strix aluco) perched up very close to our cottage and started its call.

Tawny owl (Strix aluco). Photo by Martin Mecnarowski.

Tawny owl (Strix aluco). Photo by Martin Mecnarowski.

As it has been so hot recently all our windows are wide open, so it sounded like it was almost on top of us: I think it might have been in our neighbour’s alder tree. Anyhow, after a few initial single screechy ‘ooh-eee’ calls (can’t think how to describe them better), it started up with its regular ‘Hoo hoo-hoo-hoo-hoo’ call, the one that we in the UK often call ‘twit-twooo’. (This BBC video starts with the ‘twit-twoo’ and ends up with a screechy one, if you were curious to know what my pathetic attempts at owl call transcription actually sound like).

Within a couple of minutes a second, distant tawny owl was responding, setting up a nice duet. And then a third joined in, somewhere between the other two—not as loud as the first but louder than the second. And he sounded like he had a bad case of sore throat: his croaky calls didn’t add much to the melody. The three of them sang to each other (or more realistically, disputed territories vocally) for about ten minutes, and then, as abruptly as it had started, it stopped. I still didn’t get to sleep though.

Tawny owl chicks. Photo by Artur Mikołajewski.

Tawny owl chicks. Cute overload! Photo by Artur Mikołajewski.

I have a real fascination for raptors of all kinds. We are lucky to have various kinds living in and flying over our village. We frequently see buzzards (Buteo buteo) and occasionally sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) flying over—the sparrowhawks hunt quite low over our garden and I have had some amazingly close encounters.

Buzzard (common buzzard, Buteo buteo). Photo by Arend.

Buzzard (common buzzard, Buteo buteo). Photo by Arend.

Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) in flight, seen from underneath. Photo by Christian Knoch.

Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) in flight, seen from underneath. Photo by Christian Knoch.

Most exciting of all are the red kites (Milvus milvus) that we have started seeing in the last four years or so.

Red kite (Milvus milvus). This stunning bird has a two metre wingspan. Photo by Thomas Kraft.

These magnificent birds used to be common in the UK—so common that they used to scavenge for scraps on the street of medieval London—but were so relentlessly persecuted over the centuries that their numbers dwindled to a handful of breeding birds in mid Wales by early 1900s. Reintroductions using European birds started in Wales and a little later in the Chiltern Hills in the UK, followed by other projects around the country, and these have been a great success: the red kite population is increasing and their distribution across the UK is spreading.

We waited and waited for our first sighting round these parts. A friend told us he had seen one in Dorset. Then in February 2006 great excitement when Chap saw one circling over an ‘A’ road about three miles from here. But the day were were hoping for—seeing a red kite over our own village here in south-west Wiltshire—finally came on 19 April 2010. That was a red letter day indeed for our nature diary. Since then we have seen them regularly—so regularly in fact that we hope they are breeding nearby, rather than just passing through.

We once were lucky enough to see a kite and a buzzard flying in the same thermal, and we were able to compare sizes: the buzzard is a big bird, but next to the kite it was dwarfed.

Welsh Kite Trust website

Royal Society for the Protection of Bird (RSPB) website

British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) website

Goat Island Iced Tea

As it is a blazing hot day, yet again, I thought a cooling drink might be in order … Be warned, it is boozy. Very boozy.

In 2008 Chap and I had a wonderful six-week holiday in New Zealand. We stayed with my family in Wellington, and then did a tour around North Island in a campervan (nicknamed The Nostromo by us).

We both adore swimming and snorkelling, so a visit to the marine reserve at Goat Island (properly titled the Cape Rodney-Okakari Point Marine Reserve) was a must.

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The beach at Goat Island marine reserve, with Goat Island in the distance. Photo by Inglenookery.

There is a lovely camping spot nearby, and we spent a couple of days there. The weather was not too clement, and the sea was very choppy and visibility was not too good, and on top of that the fish stayed away. One evening during that stay we walked from the campsite to a great restaurant: Leigh Sawmill Cafe. Before the meal I had the most moreish aperitif, Goat Island Iced Tea, a cocktail made with five (!) white spirits: vermouth, gin, white rum, tequila and Cointreau, topped up with ginger ale. The food was delicious, and the wine list introduced us to Hyperion Syrah (we liked it so much we later visited the vineyard at Matakana and bought a couple of cases). Needless to say, we staggered back to the campsite—luckily most of it was downhill.

We loved Goat Island so much that we visited again during our trip, and stayed at the same campsite. The sun shone for us on our second visit, and the snorkelling was amazing. As there is no fishing allowed in the area—commercial or of any kind at all—the fish are incredibly numerous, both in species and numbers. They are also bold and unafraid. We swam with groupers and rays and blue mau mau (also called blue cod, Parapercis colias). We dined and drank again at the Sawmill. Again, I had the Goat Island Iced Tea. Again, we rolled home. Happy days.

Blue maumau at Goat Island marine reserve.

Blue mau mau (Parapercis colias) at Goat Island marine reserve. Photo by Inglenookery.

I tried to get the recipe from the barman but quite understandably he wasn’t about to give away his trade secrets. I knew the ingredients from the description in the wine list, so I decided to try to recreate it back in Blighty. This isn’t a bad approximation:

Goat Island Iced Tea

50 ml vermouth

50 ml gin

50 ml white rum (such as Bacardi)

50 ml tequila

50 ml Cointreau

50 ml fresh lime juice or a good glug of lime cordial (I like Rose’s)

500 ml dry ginger ale (not ginger beer—that makes the drink too sweet)

Mix in a jug. Serve in tall glasses with lots of ice. I bung in some lime wedges and/or mint leaves too. Enjoy!

Sun dog days

Today has been a beautiful sunny summer’s day, with fluffy white clouds bumbling by all day. This evening we decided to enjoy the last of the sun’s heat in the garden with a bottle of Chenin blanc and some olives. The sky was clearer, bluer, with the occasional mares’ tails were high in the sky. The house martins and occasional swallows (and two swifts—a rare sighting round here) were zooming overhead.

And that’s when we saw a beautiful arc of a rainbow, high in the sky and directly over the sun, but curved back against it.  I thought it was a sun dog, but a quick google has revealed that it was a circumzenithal arc, as it was inverted, rather than bending around the sun.  I was so excited I snapped lots of photos and ran over to our neighbours’ cottage to tell them, but they were out. But looking at the sun from their cottage, the rainbow looked different—shorter and stubbier. It wasn’t until I got back to our garden that I realised that the shorter stubbier one was something different, on the same level as and to the right of the sun: a right side sun dog.  We hadn’t noticed it initially from our garden because of all the foliage of the trees and shrubs.

west of Salisbury, Wiltshire, 15 July 2014, 6.35 pm.

Circumzenithal arc west of Salisbury, Wiltshire, 15 July 2014, 6.35 pm. The sun is just below the bottom edge of the photo.

So exciting!  We love weird or unusual weather phenomena. The last I can remember seeing were our first (and so far only) mammatus clouds when we were in New Zealand.

We watched the arc and sun dog for about a half hour, from 6.30ish onwards, and then they gradually disappeared. There were lots of cirrus clouds (mares’ tails) around at the time, and it is the refraction of light through the ice crystals in these very high clouds (typically 5,000 m (16,000 feet) in temperate zones) that cause this atmospheric effect. A strange weather days first for us!

Cirrus clouds (mares' tails) above our village, evening of 15 July 2014, at the same time the circumzenithal arc and sun dog were visible elsewhere in the sky.

Cirrus clouds (mares’ tails) above our village, evening of 15 July 2014, at the same time the circumzenithal arc and sun dog were visible elsewhere in the sky.

I took a couple of short videos. The second shows the sun dog as well as the circumzenithal arc:

This post has reminded me that I must get round to joining the Cloud Appreciation Society.